Among ions that could be found in raw water, Calcium (Ca 2+) and Magnesium (Mg 2+) are the ones that are known to cause hardness and the most problem in industrial sectors where water is used. These ions affect negatively the quality of the products in textile and chemistry industry, machinery industry, and during surface finishing and heat treatment baths. Water softening systems are also used commonly for industrial and domestic needs since raw water induces problems in heating and cooling systems, steam boilers, circulation systems and pipes.
There are two types of regeneration of ion exchange resin used in water softening systems: direct current and reverse current. Reverse current regeneration system is utilized especially in softening highly hard water, because this regeneration system both prevents any hardness leakage, and decreases salt and water waste.